INTERPRETING CRIME AND CRIMINALS SC2034C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INTERPRETING CRIME AND CRIMINALS SC2034C - Essay Example I used textual /narrative analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs and the interview. It has been found out the vital successes have been obtained from the current methods of addressing crime prevention in Southwark, which could serve as reference for other related researches and studies. My report focuses on teenage anti-social behaviour and the effectiveness of the current methods such as the Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) and the Karrot Project implemented by the local council in cooperation with the police of Southwark. Teenage anti-social behaviour covers a variety and a number of deviant acts that cause disturbance to other people within a certain jurisdiction. Because of the relatively significant number of teens in Southwark and their propensity to exercise anti-social behaviour, such focus is important to study. It has been a topic of interest primarily because it is a widespread reality that takes its toll on residents and other people. Hence, a lot of methods, programs and initiatives have been proposed to combat this ever-growing problem but no particular research study focuses on the effectiveness of such methods. Anti-social behaviour per se has been a topic of numerous researches and studies as this has been a worldwide reality drawing sociological , cultural and logical bases. However, the effectiveness of ASBO and other current methods to prevent anti-social behaviour have not been fully explored. Hence, I am making this report. I will use a qualitative research approach to discuss teenage anti-social behaviour and evaluate the current methods and programs undertaken by the locality of Southwark to address this. I will also use a case study on teenage anti-social behaviour together with my interview with Sergeant Levick, Coordinator of Anti-social behaviour of Southwark Police to evaluate the ASBO and the Karrot Project in light of the use of narrative

The Indianas Religious Freedom Restoration Act Essay

The Indianas Religious Freedom Restoration Act - Essay Example The essay "The Indiana’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act" talks about the Indiana’s religious freedom restoration act. Law doesn't grant businesses a right to categorize against anyone. Many followers of this Indiana's restoration act affirmed that they hoped it would help the Christians to evade participation in same sex weddings. Secondly, there is no burden in these laws. Those people behind it emphasize that it is a form of defense so that religious person is not obligated to act in ways that infringe their way of life. These laws were at first described as a way of shielding individuals from harm, for instance, to put off the management from forcing people to go against their beliefs except when there was a sound cause for such infringement and no fine option found. The Indiana law also incorporates a language in it to ensure that parties in private lawsuits or administrative actions can claim a religious basis for their questioned behavior. The supporters view t he law as just the protections for religious freedom. Those people who believe in the Indiana law say that there has been an exaggeration of the likely effects of the law and misunderstanding of how it works. They add that those people who invoke the law to avoid lawsuits should go through a judicial process in which the burden of their beliefs is compared with the interest of the state in imposing a fine or carrying out a mandate. These laws have drawn criticism for having the potential to support discrimination against gay and lesbian couples.

Highland Springs Entry into China

Highland Springs Entry into China International Marketing: Highland Springs Entry into China Market Selection and Environmental Analysis Executive Summary â€Å"Increased global communication has also created a greater diversity in the marketplace. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated because of the increased scope of communication, requiring a flexible and responsive strategy, instead of standardisation.† (Prevos, 2008) page Despite converging consumer and market factors, intrinsic differences still exist between country markets and even within countries in terms of regional and cultural factors.Ref More recent debate has tended to centred around the notion of increasing fragmentation, thought to be in conflict with the concept of globalisation itself ref and Yangs (1995)page research deals in much detail with what he refers to as â€Å"the seeming contradiction between rising nationalism and globalism† citing that â€Å"it appears that political and economic boundaries need not necessarily converge anymore.† Although many believe that C consumer markets have converged in terms of tastes and preferences across markets, thus offering potential for strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987). Tthere still exists vast disparities in terms of the PESTLE factors impacting upon business, particularly social and cultural elements but also the regulatory factors which govern industry, and ultimately, determine the strategies firms opt to pursue. Thise report shall proceed to analyses those factors which impact most on Highland Springs entry into the Chinese market and the subsequent strategies it pursues. It is by no means exhaustive as there are so many inter-related factors at play simultaneously and in varying degrees from a global perspective. Thee report has attempted to analyse those factors deemed to beconsiders the most significant factors, and in particular, with a focuses on the cultural elements which eaffect consumer behaviour and which have the most direct impact o n the strategy which Highland Springs opts to pursue strategy in the Chinese market in the launch of its premium bottled water brand. Environmental Analysis â€Å"There exists a well-developed literature of market failures committed abroad by international marketersOne major reason of such failures is poor market selection.† (Rahman, 2003) Although From table 1, It is clear that China is viewed as offers offering muchsignificant potential for western manufacturers, particularly of consumer goodshowever , a thorough environmental analysis is highly recommended, Ggiven the stage of Chinas economic development and the fact that despite its rapid and impressive progression in recent years, it still lags behind developed markets not only in terms of consumer buying habits and and sophistication, but also most significantly, in terms of market infrastructure which impacts significantly on the subsequent elements of the marketing strategy to be implemented, particularly distribution and logistical elements of bringing the product to market. The Chinese market is highly fragmented on a regional basis and is characterised by much diversity in terms of consumer income as well as propensity to buy certain goods or products. Such disparities are most notable when analysing the vast discrepancies in income levels between the urban and rural populations. â€Å"Few of us know even simple facts about the geography, culture, and economics of countries other than our own. Even fewer people have at their fingertips details that tell whether their goods will sell in a particular market.† Cavusgil (1985) states that few people know the basic tenents of geography, culture or economies of countries different from their own and continues that there are even fewer people who know whether their products will be sold successfully in specific markets. (Cavusgil, 1985) Chinas market is geographically vast in comparison to Highland Springs domestic UK market and its other international markets primarily in developed economies, with much higher numbers of potential consumers. It is also highly diverse in cultural terms internally than the company may be used to dealing with in international markets and characterised by huge differences in terms of social and cultural aspects including language variations on a regional basis which implies that a standardised approach is less applicable. Arguably, Carey (2006) posits that much of the demand for Western-type products is forecast in the highly urbanised areas and in the special economic zones where many workers with available spending power are located and given the nature of the product, considered at the luxury end of the market, this is highly relevant. Despite its progression, as Carey (2006) highlightscontinues that, â€Å"tThough urban incomes are rising, the majority of the Chinese population rem ains mired in rural poverty, awaiting economic and political reforms that may not happen for another decade, if at all.† Table 21. Off-Trade Sales Value and Growth of Bottled Water Region Value ($ million, 2003) CAGR (1998-2003) CAGR (forecast) (2003-08) East China 827.5 18.4% 12.0% North and Northeast China 511.5 17.8% 12.0% Mid-China 466.8 22.3% 16.0% South China 475.7 18.0% 12.0% Southwest China 335.7 23.1% 16.0% Northwest China 179.6 24.3% 16.0% Source: Euromonitor. Soft Drinks in China. April 2004. Check Chinas economic progression has resulted in increased demand for many products and services, such as for example mineral water. In addition, the fact that as clean drinking water is a scarce commodity, has seen the market has grown rapidly in recent times, highlighted by the table abovesince 1989 (Table 2), though this also has implications for the strategy to be adopted, particularly with regarding to issues relating to Corporate Social Responsibility. Highland Spring is different from many of the suppliers in the market given that it is considered to be a premium brand which emulates certain lifestyle elements of the developed West in much the same way as Perrier or Evian of France do., Ttherefore entryherefore, entry into the market does not indicate that it would be competing head-on directly with the domestic playerscompetitors. This is relevant as many market commentators see higher income consumers in emerging markets as chooseing to purchase foreign brands which tend to commu nicate wealth and success. In this respect, Highland Spring is therefore at the premium end of the water market and its Scottish origins should allow the brand to align itself alongside the leading foreign brands that are already established in this e market and to which many in the emerging markets such as China are viewed as aspiring toaspire, for example, China. The Scottish origin should also allow it a degree of differentiation to the predominantly French origin of the leading playersbrands. â€Å"Although in countries such as India and China consumption rates are not as high they have risen dramatically, tripling in India and doubling in China over the past 5 years. In countries such as these the main product line is Nestle pure life, a low cost purified tap water with added minerals.† (Edwards, A., 2007) The analysis here has highlighted demonstrated that the potential demand for Highland Spring is likely to derive from those consumers who earn proportionately moremore, for example, in income terms such as professionals and also the younger segments of the market who are likely to be more exposed to Western- style goods particularly with the increase in overseas education and travel as well as exposure to media, such as including the internet and cable/satellite television., though Though censorship remains high in the nation, it is assumed that the nature of the product should not make this such an problem issue as it would for manufacturers of, for example alcoholic beverages, for example. In addition, an important target segment shall be is the expatriate community which could prove a lucrative segment, particularly in the leading cities of Shanghai and Beijing, thus making the hotel, restaurant and leisure segments of the market highly attractiveprofitable. It is unlikely that th e product shall achieve much success in targeting the lower-income segments of the population given the availability of and loyalty to local regional brands as well as the substantially lower prices of such products. This highlights demonstrates how, despite the substantial cultural differences in existence regionally in China, there is still scope to adopt strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987) across specific target segments in the market, (Kale Sudharsham, 1987).Tthough clearly, adaptation may be necessary to some or all aspects of the marketing variables in the context of the political, regulatory and cultural factors at play. This market analysis is by no means exhaustive but has rather highlighted those factors at play which have the most impact on the subsequent strategy to be pursued by Highland Spring in China. Further information relating to the market and consumer buying behaviour is contained in the appendix. The preliminary analysis has also highlighted demonstrated that despite the diversity inherent in the Chinese market, there is certainly potential for the Highland Spring brand across specific market segments. In addition, despite the apparent differences between consumers in mature markets in comparison to China, in terms of the Highland Spring brand, given the luxury nature of the product, there is also much similarity, thus epitomising Levitts (1983) theory of converging commonality and Ohmaes (1989) view of â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World† where he highlights how leading premium or luxury brands lend themselves more to global standardisation. Simultaneously, while there remains much scope to extend the global branding and positioning of the product in the market, the fact remains that premium bottled water is still regarded by many as considered to be in the infancy stages in China as opposed to the mature markets of the West. This implies that despite convergence, adaptation is still required if not to the product itself, but to the marketing strategy to be implemented in order to obtain â€Å"â€Å"strategic fit† (Aaker, 1992) between the product and the market. An important consideration for Highland Spring in its launch is the image of the industry as a whole, particularly, from an international perspective. Given that many are of the opinion that Wwater is a basic human necessity., Mmany firms within this market continuum ,for example,such as Highland SpringSpring, at the premium end and Nestle at the lower end within this particular sector and Nestle at the other end of the scale, have been criticised for essentially profiteering from emerging economies such asfor example China and India where the availability of clean water is scarce and in some instances, non-existent. This must be considered from both an international as well as local perspective so as to protect the value of the brand and its positioning in consumers minds. The companys commitment to both environmental and social sustainability cannot be over-emphasised in its proposed launch of its product in the Chinese market and must also be considered with regarding to any partn erships or alliances that are formed.entered into. Marketing Mix Strategy Product Strategy â€Å"When it comes to product strategy, managing in a borderless world doesnt mean managing by averages. It doesnt mean that all tastes run together into one amorphous mass of universal appeal.† (Ohmae,( 1989) states that product strategy does not have to be â€Å"managed by averages†and continues to suggest that individual brands of water can retain their own special taste. The very nature of the product implies that little adaptation should be applied if any at all as part of the appeal and the value of the brand itself, are the Scottish origins. The â€Å"Scottishness† of the brand also appeals to the psychological experience of consumption as highlighted stated by Clegg (2005) â€Å"Working the link between place of origin and product quality is the oldest trick in the brand book. It milks our thirst for mythology and plays mercilessly on our superstitious hope that special places have the power to revitalise and transform.† Highland Spring must however, ensure that it meets with stringent regulatory requirements in the Chinese market and must also ensure that the transportation of the products does not in any way adversely affect the contents and quality of the water itself. The research has also highlighted that many Chinese consumers view bottled water as being ref more beneficial to health with many multinationals such as Nestlà © opting to add vitamins and other health-associated minerals to their water brands in an attempt to appeal to a wider range of consumers and gain advantage over competitors, particularly the local playersbrands. This, however, appears to be more at the lower end of the market rather than the premium end in which Highland Spring should be positioned and appears less relevant as the aesthetic elements of the product have more influence over the purchasing process. Labelling may require adaptation, again given the regulatory environment as well as the language barriers in existence. Although China is characterised by low literacy levels in comparison to the developed World,ref it is assumed that the target segments in question shall be characterised by higher literacy levels than one might normally associate with brands competing in the lower-priced segments. In addition, with regard to product policy, it must also be highlighted that the product itself, while remaining largely standardised across national borders, is at varying stages of the product life cycle in different country markets. Highland Spring can be considered as being in a mature market in the UK and other more developed economies, whereas in China it is at the introduction stages of its cycle and in the consumer adoption process. This has an influence on the subsequent communication and distribution elements of the mix especially at the early stages where communicating the essence of the brand and any associated benefits, both tangible and intangible shall will be of paramount importance. Price Pricing is an important variable to consider as Chinese consumers are deemed to be more price-sensitive than their Western counterparts as highlighted by St-Maurice (2008): â€Å"On average, Chinese consumers are willing to pay a premium of about 2.5 percent for a branded product they purchase regularly, By contrast, in developed markets, premiums for familiar brands can reach 20 percent or more. Our research suggests that rising inflation is making Chinese consumers more price sensitive and less loyal to their preferred brands.† Analysis of competitors pricing policies should be examined especially the leading French players in the market. It may be prudent initially to introduce the product at a lower price than competitors in order to gain a foothold in the market. Appropriate distribution agreements with local agents should facilitate this and assist in keeping prices down initially with the anticipation that margins shall will rise as the product gains a foothold in the market. Given the premium nature of the product it is important than price also communicates the brands quality and prestige image while simultaneously not being positioned so high as to exclude potential customers. Promotion â€Å"As China becomes a major player in the global economy, authorities in Beijing are trying to balance the need for more information with their goal of controlling content as a means to maintain power.† (Zissis, C. and Bhattacharji, P., 2008) This is perhaps the variable in which adaptation is most likely to occur given the cultural differences inherent within the Chinese market. It is also important yet again, to be aware of any regulatory requirements regarding information communicated through promotional media as well as on labelling requirements. However, it is safe to assume that in spite of the variances in terms of regulations as well as language barriers, the promotional element should be relatively consistent on a global basis in order to create a global brand with more universal appeal. Country of origin is an important element to communicate as well as the pureness, quality and superiority of the product highlighting, perhaps, certain elements which may be deemed more important to the Chinese consumer, particularly any health or purity elements which would serve to differentiate and position the brand above the leading foreign competitors in the marketplace. An interesting element to consider is the massive inc reases in the number of Chinese visitors to events such as the annual Edinburgh Festival so some sort of tie-in or complementary advertising with relevant tourist companies or airlines, both international and Chinese operators, may be prudent in heightening brand recognition out with the Chinese market initially. As highlighted by the environmental analysis of the market, literacy levels are substantially lower in the Chinese market yet the target market in question is assumed to be within those segments that possess the relevant literacy levels as well as the available disposable income. The same can be assumed in terms of access to communication mediums such as quality and international press as well as television and internet. The same mediums may not, for example, be options for those companies targeting the lower priced end of the water market where much more local adaptation shall undoubtedly be required and thus images become much more important as well as billboard and regional campaigns such as in-store promotions. However, despite recommendations to promote a global campaign â€Å"adapting global programs to the local level can often improve the effectiveness of a campaign.† (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 1999) and this is likely to be reflected in the medium used rather than the promotional messages and images themselves. Sponsorship with leading sporting or other social events and special offers or tie-ins with other products or establishments such as hotel chains and health spas should also be examined in order to gain more exposure for the brand in the early stages. Place Highland Spring is involved in both the on and off- trade in its domestic market whereas in China, sales are likely to be predominantly, if not wholly concentrated in the on-trade, primarily through hotel and restaurant chains and in exclusive wine bar/bistro type establishments in the highly urbanised zones of the main cities of Beijing and Shanghai in order to target segments directly as well as to raise the profile of the brand. Clearly the reputation and standing of such establishments in the market must be consistent with the quality and image of the Highland Spring brand itself. Market Entry Strategy This is perhaps the most important element of Highland Springs launch in the Chinese market as the choice of suitable partnerships in terms of distribution, logistics and retail establishments shall be overwhelmingly important to the subsequent success or failure of the product launch. Analysis has highlighted that the Chinese market per se is still extremely complicated to operate within. Despite the progress made in terms of lowering trade barriers, many obstacles still exist and protectionism is still very much a reality which foreign operators must contend with. As a result, many markets, particularly consumer markets, are characterised by a high proportion of strategic alliances and joint ventures and distribution arrangements than one might normally encounter in more developed economies. Foreign companies appear to have opted for this style of partnership as a means to overcome some of the obstacles in the marketplace, affording them more control over activities and gaining add ed insight into the local operational complexities. This is in line with what Ohmae (1989) refers to as â€Å"market insiderization† achieved through collaboration with local agents established in the market who are aware of the intricacies of operating in the Chinese business environment. Although predominantly entering the market through exporting, also deemed necessary given the nature of the product and the fact that country of origin is an essential part of the brand itself, C collaborative arrangements shall be necessary with domestic Chinese firms in order to facilitate entry into the market, as well as the subsequent distribution of the product itself. The identification of a suitable partner shall be required, one which offers expertise in terms of knowledge of the market and a well-established and reliable distribution network in place with links into prospective retail outlets. Given the premium image of the Highland Spring brand, partners, distributors and any other agents appointed in the market, must also be reliable and well-thought of within the industry. Another important element to consider is that all storage and distribution facilities comply with both Chinese and international regulations to ensure that the product quality shall be retained when in transit and in storage. Highland Spring already have an arrangement in place with a US-based company named Savi Networks and employ the companys SaviTrak(TM) for Wireless Cargo Monitoring system in many of their international markets. This shall be explored in terms of capabilities within the Chinese market as the company is already active in Hong Kong. As Highland Spring explains, â€Å"Whether it is our devotion to protecting our Organic Land or using the latest in technology to manage the flow of our natural product to distant consumers, we are incessant in our quest that the customer experience, whether in Hong Kong or Dubai, be the same quality as those in the UK.† (PR Hub, 2009) Further details of this are contained in the appendix. Clearly a major factor for success is the distribution capability of potential partners in the marketplace. Related companies in the alcoholic and soft drinks segments of the market, particularly international companies such as PepsicoPepsiCo or Diageo, or even in conjunction with other food related companies such as Scottish Salmon, may offer the potential to form collaborative distribution arrangements such as piggybacking. This could also be of benefit not only in terms of lowering costs but also from the point of view of providing non competing but complementary products to the market and may be of particular appeal to many of the larger hotel and retail outlet chains in the nation. This would also substantially lower the risks involved in market entry into the Chinese market. Although on the whole, the analysis has highlighted that some sort of partnership or arrangement with local players is deemed necessary, this does not rule out the opportunity to enter into partnership with other foreign firms already established in the market, and as highlighted in the preceding paragraph, this could provide added opportunity and and economies of scale scale economies for all involved in both the supply and demand for the product in question as explained by Young et al (1989) â€Å"where the company sells its goods abroad through the overseas distribution facilities of another producer; the two firms would normally have complementary, non-competitive products.† References Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Prevos, P, 2008, â€Å"Converging Commonality and Business Strategy†, 25 October, available at http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf, accessed 31/10/09 Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcresearch]vh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Yang, X. (1995) Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China Greenwood Publishing Group. Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C. and Davies, J.R., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Zissis, Bhattachari, 2008, Media Censorship in China, Council For Foreign Relations, March 18 available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/p-9 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5063, accessed 15/02/10 PR Hub available at http://blog.taragana.com/pr/highland-spring-ltd-uk-selects-savi-networks-savitraktm-for-wireless-cargo-monitoring-8443/, accessed 13/02/10 Bibliography Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Aaker, D., 1991, â€Å"Managing Brand Equity†, The Free Press, New York. Aaker, David A, 1992, â€Å" Strategic Market Management†, John Wiley Sons Inc. Arnold, D., 2000, â€Å"Seven Rules of International Distribution†, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Brooks, Ian et al, â€Å"The International Business Environment†, Prentice Hall, 2004 Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Chakravarthy, B and Perlmutter, H V, 1985,Strategic Planning For a Global Business, Columbia Journal of World Business. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Czinkota, M and Ronkainen, I; International Marketing, The Dryden Press, 2nd edition, 1990 Dawar, N., 2004, What Are Brands Good For? Sloan Management Review, Volume 46, Number 1. de Mooij, M., 2009, Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, SAGE, London. Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Eid, R. and Trueman, M., 2002, The Internet: New International Marketing Issues, Management Research News, Volume 25, Number 12. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Kashani, K., 1989, â€Å"Beware the Pitfalls of Global Marketing†, Harvard Business review, September-October. Leontiades, James C, 1985, â€Å"Multinational Corporate Strategy: Planning For World Markets†, Lexington Books. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Poillon, C., 2000, â€Å"Getting Started with Emerging Markets†, Wiley, New York Porter, M.E. (1979) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March/April. Prevos, P. (2008) Converging Commonality and Business Strategy, retrieved on 09/01/10 from http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf Quelch, J.A. and Hoff, E.J., 1986, â€Å"Customizing Global Marketing†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcvh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. Raju, P.S., 1995, â€Å"Consumer Behaviour in Global Markets: the A-B-C-D Paradigm and its Application to Eastern Europe and the Third World†, Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol.12 No.5. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Walters, P.G.P and Samiee, S., 2003, Executive insights: Marketing Strategy in Emerging markets: The Case of China, Journal of International Marketing Vol.11, No.1. Woetzel, J.R., 2004, â€Å"A Guide to doing Business in China†, McKinsey Quarterly, Special Edition: What Global Executives Think. Wood, V.R. and Robertson, K.R., 2000, â€Å"Evaluating International Markets: The Importance of Information by Industry, by Country of Destination, and by Type of Export Transaction†, International Marketing Review, Vol.17 No.1. Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C. and Davies, J.R., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Zissis, Bhattachari, 2008, Media Censorship in China, Council For Foreign Relations, March 18 available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/ Top Global Food and Beverage Companies: Strategies for Success, Just-Food, January 2009 http://www.ats.agr.gc.ca/asia/4203_e.htm#N_1 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5063 http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200012/16/eng20001216_58005.html http://blog.taragana.com/pr/highland-spring-ltd-uk-selects-savi-networks-savitraktm-for-wireless-cargo-monitoring-8443/

Japanese Aristocrat :: essays research papers

In the play, “Julius Caesar';, by William Shakespeare, Brutus was portrayed as a man of high principles and virtue. He joins the conspirators with their plan to kill Caesar for the good of Rome. On the other hand Cassius is moved by jealousy. He wants to Caesar dead out of revenge of a man who does not like him. He is jealous of Caesar’s glory and power. Therefore Brutus is portrayed as the noblest Roman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brutus believes in his morals and ideals and they run his life to an extent. He is perhaps the only man in the story who is not moved by personal gain. “For let the gods so speed me, as I love the name of honor more than I fear death.'; Brutus acts with the conspirators only for what he considers the best interests of Rome. Brutus weighs every decision he makes according to his morals and standards. He believes that reason and logic rule the world in which people can be affected by sound reasoning. He is very honorable but he still is not prepared for the corruption in the world. He can’t believe that anyone would take action without reasoning the effects that could take place. Brutus can’t see motives that are less noble then is own, “Well, Brutus, though art noble; yet I see thy honorable mettle may be wrought from that it is disposed; therefore it is meet tat noble minds keep ever with their likes; for who so from that cannot be seduced? '; Brutus makes two very grave mistakes because of his high principles, he lets Antony live and worse yet he lets him speak at the funeral of Caesar. He doesn’t stir up the emotion that the people were looking for when Antony did. But even though Brutus joined the conspirators he felt so much remorse for what he had done that he had dreams of Caesar’s ghost coming to him. In the end he falls on his sword, which goes against most of his standards which says that men should take whatever fate is handed to them. However, in his last moments he had the satisfaction of knowing that he stood by his principles to the end and he died by them. However, completely opposite the nobleness of Brutus’ character is Cassius. He hates Caesar and is part of the conspiracy out of jealousy. Cassius was friends with Caesar as a child and now Caesar was powerful and popular, Cassius was jealous of this.

Consider the theme of loneliness in the novel, Of Mice and Men Essay

n â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, John Stienbeck explores the theme of loneliness, set in the farmland of 1930’s California, where Stienbeck grew up. Stienbeck worked as a farm hand on his fathers land and so the countryside described at the beginning of the book, and a ranch itself would have been very familiar to Stienbeck. Characters described in the novel are lonely for different reasons depending on their social status. Age, Race and Sex are some of the reasons for characters loneliness, Stienbeck uses the novel to make these aware in society. George and Lennie are the main characters in the book; they are migrant workers, who are men that travel the countryside harvesting wheat for the farms and doing any other jobs they can find. The â€Å"Wall Street Crash† caused jobs to be scarce, during the 1930’s, when there was very unemployment in the United States. Agencies were set to send farm workers to where they were needed: â€Å"You remember about us goin’ into Murray and Ready’s, and they give us work cards†. They earned $2.50 or $3.00 a day, plus food and very basic accommodation. These sorts of people lived very lonely lives, as they migrated they had to pick up their roots and move on, on their own and so this what makes them lonely also it was much easer to get work for one-person rather than two or more. George and Lennie are total opposites. George is decribed as â€Å"small and quick, dark of face with restless eyes and sharp, strong fetures.† Lennie on the other hand is † a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with wide, sloping sholders†. Stienbeck decribes Georges personality as careful and protective while Lennie seems to be rather stupid with a child’s mind. He’s very forgetful and likes to pet nice things with his finger’s â€Å"sof’ things†. George likes to be in charge of himself, and this is why he appreciates the time out under the stars where he can relax with his friend Lennie. Lennie however, enjoyes being with George and so the time under the stars is appreciated, but only because he’s with George. George and Lennie share share an special relationship like father and son where George helps Lennie with everything and looks after him. This is shown when George is talking to Slim about Weed: â€Å"We sat in an irrigation ditch â€Å". This shows how George takes risks to save Lennie. George sometimes gives the impression that he would rather have nothing to do with Lennie but it is clear that George actually depends on Lennie’s friendship, being with someone gives him something to live for unstead of just being a migrant worker: â€Å"I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you†, Lennie loves George because George looks after him, George being the only person who looks after him, George shows Lennie how to do things and gets food for them. George is in control as he does almost everything for Lennie: â€Å"I got three cans of beans in my bindle†. George and Lennie travel togeather although this is not usual and this is why they are not lonel y. Steinbeck introduces Candy, the old ranch hand into the novel as a â€Å"tall, stoop-shouldered old man†. Candy is kept on the farm as a janitor, he has one hand after he got the other one caught in a machine. He is not much use for anything and he knows this. Candy fears when he is to old to do anything that he will just get ‘canned’, which is why he buys into the friendship with George and Lennie. The only thing that motivates Candy is his old dog â€Å"gray of muzzle and with pale, blind old eyes†, which unfortunately is killed after Carlson decides not to put up with the smell and Candy is ganged up on to get rid of him; â€Å"If you want me to, I’ll put the old devil out of his misery right now†. The ‘American Dream’ is shared by George and Lennie who dream of the â€Å"little house and a couple of acres†. For American society as a whole, the dream ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Cinema is the last American dream for many. Curley’s wife is one: â€Å"Could have been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes†. Steinbeck describes Crooks with a â€Å"lean face lined with deep black wrinkles, and he had thin , pale-tightened lips†. Crooks lives in â€Å"a little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn†. Crooks reserves the only right he has, â€Å"You got no right to come in my room†. However, when Lennie goes into Crooks’ room he relaxes and enjoys the company. Crooks’ job is a â€Å"Stable buck†, which means he tends the horses. He is the only black man in the novel and the other characters’ attitude towards him, shows the position of blacks in America at the time. Steinbeck describes Crooks’ past as a peaceful one. Crooks mentions this to Lennie: â€Å"The white kids came to play† â€Å"I went to play with them†. This shows that racism did not really affect him as he did not understand but his â€Å"ol’ man didn’t like that†. This shows how racism would affect his whole life. The scene in his shed, where it all appears that he is finally accepted for who he is, the reality comes back when Curley’s wife says, â€Å"listen Nigger† â€Å"I could get you strung up†. Because Crooks is black, he is forced to spend his time reading books: â€Å"Books ain’t no good† â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†. Curley’s wife is the only woman on the ranch; she cannot escape from the sexual image that the men have of her. She, therefore, uses this image as a means of getting noticed. She has â€Å"full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. When George and Lennie first meet Curley’s wife George describes her as â€Å"jail bait†. Steinbeck makes the reader feel the same way as the workers when it comes to discrimanating. The reader is made to feel that Curley’s wife is a â€Å"tart†. Workers at the ranch have this impression: â€Å"I think Curleys married †¦a tart†. However, the workers are frightened to talk to her. Curley is known as a boxer and the workers know if they get involved with his wife, Curley will beat them up. The hasty marriage of Curley and his wife proves to be a failed attempt, on her part, to escape her own lonliness. From what we hear Curley’s wife married to spite her mother. However she discovers that her husband is not what she expects, â€Å"I don’t like Curley. He ain’t a nice fella†. It would appear at first that she likes Curley, as she wanders arround looking for him but it soon becomes clear that she is just looking for someone to share her feelings with. Curley’s wife describes her life on the ranch to Lennie as if it is no good: â€Å"I coulda made somethin’ of myself† . She uses her sexual image as a woman to get the mens’ attention just so she can talk to them. However, this does not usually work as most of the men are often to scared to talk to her. Although Curley’s wife looks and acts like a†tart† she is just craving attention and this is the only way she knows how to get it. At the end of the novel, her lonliness causes her to converse with Lennie in the barn where the irony is that when she finally gets someone to talk to, it leads to her death! Curley’s wife is the victim of sexism, she is lonely because she has no one to talk to as people are afraid to talk to her. Lennie suffers from discrimination because of his learning disability. The fact that they are both unequal brings them together in the barn. Lennie is there to bury his puppy and Curley’s wife is there to have a conversation. However in the end, Lennie’s disability causes her death: â€Å"don’t you go yellin† â€Å"he shook her and her body flopped like a fish†. The incident in the barn affects George, Lennie and Candy’s relation because Lennie has finally gone too far. When George knows he has to kill Lennie, then the dream dies with Lennie leaving George and Candy lonely. â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world.† In conclusion Stienbeck makes aware a serious problem leading to loneliness in 1930’s California through his novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men†.

Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper Essay

The Federal Bureau of Investigation tracks four offenses murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault in its Violent Crime Index. The juvenile arrest rate for each of these offenses has been declining steadily since the mid-1990s. The murder rate fell 70% from its 1993 peak through 2001 (Snyder, 2003). Statistics: Research has shown that crimes committed by juveniles are more likely to be cleared by law enforcement than crimes committed by adults. The clearance data in the Crime in the United States series show that the proportion of violent crimes attributed to juveniles by law enforcement has declined in recent years. The proportion of violent crimes cleared by juvenile arrests grew from about 9% in the late 1980s to 14% in 1994 and then declined to 12% in 2001. (Snyder 2003). Cleared Proportions: The juvenile proportion of cleared forcible rapes peaked in 1995 and then fell, with the 2001 proportion still above the levels of the late 1980s. The juvenile proportion of robbery clearances also peaked in 1995 at 20% and fell substantially by 2001 to 14%, but was still above the levels of the late 1980s at 10%. The juvenile proportion of aggravated assault clearances was at 12% in 2001 and was slightly below its peak of 13% in 1994. This was still substantially above the levels of the late 1980s. The proportion of Property Crime Index offenses cleared by juvenile arrests in 2001 was below all but 2 years in the 1980s and 1990s. (Snyder 2003) Drug Offenses: The text highlights an overall increase in the rate of drug offenses as well as simple assaults amount juveniles. After review of arrest statistics, the finding were that law enforcement agencies made an estimated 202,500 arrests of young people for drug abuse violations in 2001. Of those 202,500 arrests a drug abuse violation is seen to be the most serious. There was a decline in juvenile arrests for murder between 1992 and 2001. During this time period there were a large number of increases as well though. Statistics showed 51% motor vehicle theft and 40 % burglary. There was also a major increase in juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations at a 121%. (Snyder 2003). Simple assault increased between the early 1980s and the late 1990s which was more than 150% between 1983 and 1997. This rate fell 7% between 1997 and 2001. Arrests of Females: Arrests of females for various offenses are increasing more than the arrests of males, and the overall juvenile arrest rate for simple assault in 2001 remained near its all-time high. (Snyder 2003). Of the juvenile arrests reported in 2001 females accounted for 23% of those arrests for aggravated assault and 32% of juvenile arrests for other assaults. Females also appeared to be the leading sex in regards to runaway violations. Females were involved in 59% of all arrests for running away from home. Arrests for curfew and loitering law violations were reported at 31% for female juveniles. Females accounted for 23% of juvenile arrests for aggravated assault and 32% of juvenile arrests for other assaults (i.e., simple assaults and intimidations) in 2001. Females were involved in 59% of all arrests for running away from home and 31% of arrests for curfew and loitering law violations. (Snyder 2003) Violent Arrests of the Races: The text points out that the disparity in violent crime arrest rates for black juveniles and white juveniles declined substantially between 1980 and 2001. In 2001 the juvenile population was comprised of 78% white, 17% black, 4% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% American Indian. Violent crime statistics  showed that 55% involved white youth, 43% involved black youth, 1% involved Asian youth, and 1% involved American Indian youth. The results for property crime arrests were 68% white youth, 28% black youth, 2% Asian youth, and 1% American Indian youth. Between 1980 through 2001 black-to-white disparity in juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes show a decrease. The black juvenile Violent Crime Index arrest rate was 6.3 times the white rate in 1980 and in 2001; the rate disparity had declined to 3.6. The reduction in arrest rate were primarily due to the decline in black-to-white arrest disparities for robbery, which was greater than the decline for aggravated assault. Conclusion The outlook for the juvenile crime rate is uncertain as there are many factors which will affect those final numbers. One thing is for certain and that is that the population is projected to grow throughout the county at a rapid pace. The number of juveniles age 11 through 17; the ages of juveniles responsible for 99% of juvenile arrests will increase in the next decade. This will ultimately cause a spike in juvenile offenses and arrest numbers. References: Snyder, H. (December 2003). U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Juvenile Arrests 2001. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/201370.pdf